COP 21: The Leaders Have Signed But Is Everyone On Board?



November 2015’s Paris Climate Summit, COP 21, was led by the UNFCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change), an international environmental treaty created to stabilise greenhouse gases in the earth’s atmosphere in order to protect the world’s climate. With over 190 parties, including many from the United Nations and European Union, the convention has an exceptional influence on international decisions.

Originally negotiated in 1992, the UNFCC meet annually in COP (Conferences of the Parties) to monitor and assess signatory parties’ greenhouse gas emissions. What is so important about COP 21, however, is that it symbolised the first unanimous decision by influential world leaders to combat climate change: “the Paris pact ratifies an ongoing renewable energy revolution spreading across the globe.”[i] As the first official time that world powers acknowledge that renewable energy offers a much more effective and viable alternative to fossil fuels following pressures from smaller organisations rather than authorities, it has understandably been met with high anticipation.

While some nations have pledged to try and reach 100% renewable energy standards, others are still agreeing to finding alternative solutions to fossil fuels which makes for impressive progress. Following from a clear momentum within societies from which pressure has been put on larger movements, the agreement suggests that finally those in power are listening.

The reason for such a stark turnaround can be partially attributed to the threat of global warming in recent years becoming paramount, with scientific evidence rendering it unavoidable. With superpowers such as America and China, who were previously dismissive of acting to change, coming round to pledge allegiance it has meant that other countries are now following suit. Obama declared climate change was at the forefront of his policy in his second term, while the intensity of air pollution in China has pushed president Xi Jinping to jump on board.[ii]

However, whilst it seems celebratory progress has been made, only days after agreeing to cutting carbon emissions at the Paris summit, the British Conservative government pledged to cut 65% of subsidies to solar panel installing companies in favour of the, somewhat outdated, nuclear energy.[iii] Which leads on to the main criticism of COP 21: yes you can get world leaders to agree to cut carbon emissions, but how are you going to implement the change?

The all too recent Volkswagen scandal still haunts any potential progress regarding global warming. Dubbed the ‘diesel dupe’, earlier this year the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) discovered that VW had sold cars with software that could detect when it was being tested and warp the results it displayed accordingly.[iv] This meant that the German corporation were cheating customers into buying what they thought were low emission cars, when in actual fact the cars were producing over 40 times more nitrogen oxide pollutants than the American limit.

What this shows is that yes key world leaders are now being pushed into agreements to curb climate change, with unavoidable proof that we have damaged the earth and something must give. But this doesn’t mean that everyone will comply. As previously mentioned, it is one thing to get world leaders to sign an agreement, it is another to get them to implement it, especially when it serves to lose them money and allegiances in the short term.




[i] http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/dec/20/time-for-clean-energy-sustainability-mark-ruffalo
[ii] http://tribune.com.pk/story/1013367/the-paris-climate-summit/
[iii] http://www.theguardian.com/business/2015/dec/17/uk-solar-panel-subsidies-slashed-paris-climate-change
[iv] http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-34324772

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